Regardless, Marshall was the last justice appointed by a president of the Federalist Party, and the last justice appointed by a president who was not a member of the Democratic-Republicans or Democratic Party until the 1840s. The Judiciary Act of 1801 also established several new court positions that were filled by President Adams, but the act was largely repealed after the Democratic-Republicans took control of the government in the 1800 elections. Marshall took office during the final months of John Adams's presidency, and his appointment entrenched Federalist power within the judiciary.

Congresses during this court included 6th through the 24th United States Congresses. Presidents during this court included John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson. Adams appointee Jackson appointee Other branches Adams appointee Jefferson appointee Madison appointee Monroe appointee J. Taney was confirmed in 1836, beginning the Taney Court. Marshall died in 1835, and Taney was instead nominated to replace Marshall as Chief Justice. In 1835, Jackson nominated Roger Taney to succeed the retiring Duvall, but the nomination was denied by the Senate. In 1830, Jackson appointed Henry Baldwin to replace Washington, and in 1834, Jackson appointed James Moore Wayne to replace Johnson. Instead, Trimble was succeeded by John McLean, who was appointed by Andrew Jackson. Trimble died in 1828, and Adams's nomination of John J. President John Quincy Adams successfully nominated Robert Trimble to replace Todd in 1826.

President James Monroe appointed Smith Thompson to succeed Livingston in 1823. Madison had nominated Alexander Wolcott to replace Cushing, but the Senate voted him down. President James Madison appointed Gabriel Duvall and Joseph Story in 18, replacing Cushing and Chase. Jefferson successfully nominated Henry Brockholst Livingston and Thomas Todd. In 1807, Jefferson appointed two more justices, as Paterson died and Congress added a new seat for an Associate Justice. President Thomas Jefferson appointed William Johnson to replace Moore after Moore resigned in 1804. The Marshall Court began with Marshall and five Associate Justices from the Ellsworth Court: William Cushing, William Paterson, Samuel Chase, Bushrod Washington, and Alfred Moore. Marshall was nominated after former Chief Justice John Jay refused the position many in Adams's party advocated the elevation of Associate Justice William Paterson, but Adams refused to nominate someone close to his intra-party rival, Alexander Hamilton. The Marshall Court began in 1801, when President John Adams appointed Secretary of State John Marshall to replace the retiring Oliver Ellsworth. See also: List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

Chief justice marshall